Germany this week recalled the courage of the freedom-loving demonstrators who helped bring down the Berlin Wall and usher in the end of Europe's Cold War division 16 years ago.
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| On November 9, 1989, citizens of East Germany crowded the checkpoints at the Berlin Wall and forced their way to freedom. bpa photo |
The Berlin Wall separated East and West Berlin for nearly three decades before it fell on November 9, 1989, amid massive protests led by East German democracy activists.
Its dramatic collapse sparked euphoria on both sides of the Iron Curtain and set the stage for the formal unification of communist East and democratic West Germany 11 months later.
Around 150 people gathered at the main Wall memorial site at Berlin's Bernauer Strasse to remember those momentous events, including Berlin Mayor Klaus Wowereit and Marianne Birthler, a former East German democracy activist who is now in charge of archiving the files of the regime's brutal Stasi secret police.
"The fall of the Wall 16 years ago on this day moved the world and it made the Germans, at least for a moment, the happiest people on Earth," said Birthler.
Participants lit candles in memory of the more than 1,000 East Germans killed while trying cross the heavily fortified border between East and West. About 230 of them died at the Wall itself, many at the hands of East German border guards with orders to shoot people trying to escape.
Meanwhile in Washington, U.S. President George W. Bush commemorated the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of the German people by declaring Wednesday "World Freedom Day."
"The fall of the Berlin Wall showed the world that the love of liberty is stronger than the will of tyranny," Bush said in a proclamation.
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| "The fall of the Wall 16 years ago on this day moved the world and it made the Germans, at least for a moment, the happiest people on Earth." bpa photo |
The collapse of the Wall came after huge pro-democracy protests had already forced the removal of East Germany's hardline communist leader and the resignation of his cabinet.
Under pressure from the demonstrations, officials decided to lift travel restrictions to West Germany.
Yet instead of securing their regime's survival, the move hastened its demise when a spokesperson for the ruling Politburo famously fumbled the announcement, mistakenly saying the new regulations were meant to come into effect immediately.
The offhand remark sent thousands of East Berliners scrambling to border crossings, where guards stood down and let the jubilant demonstrators pass.
Today, fragments of the Wall can be found in the United Nations building in New York, a Las Vegas casino, Microsoft's headquarters in Redmond, Washington, and the Latvian parliament.
Yet little of the 97-mile reinforced concrete barrier remains standing in Berlin itself.
A few large segments can be found tucked away in Berlin's outlying suburbs and at the city's "East Side Gallery," but in the city center, only a discreet double line of cobble stones marks where the wall once stood.
The memorial site at Bernauer Strasse includes a stretch of the original Wall and gives a good idea of how the border functioned.
...from This Week in Germany